庄子·逍遥游(第五段)

小知不及大知,小年不及大年。奚以知其然也?朝菌不知晦朔,蟪蛄不知春秋,此小年也。楚之南有冥靈者,以五百歲為春,五百歲為秋;上古有大椿者,以八千歲為春,八千歲為秋。而彭祖乃今以久特聞,眾人匹之,不亦悲乎!

英文译本

James Legge (1891):

The knowledge of that which is small does not reach to that which is great; (the experience of) a few years does not reach to that of many. How do we know that it is so? The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn. These are instances of a short term of life. In the south of Chu there is the (tree) called Ming-ling, whose spring is 500 years, and its autumn the same; in high antiquity there was that called Da-chun, whose spring was 8000 years, and its autumn the same. And Peng Zu is the one man renowned to the present day for his length of life: if all men were (to wish) to match him, would they not be miserable?

注释

郭象注:

物各有性,性各有極,皆如年知,豈跂尚之所及哉!自此已下至於列子,歷舉年知之大小,各信其一方,未有足以相傾者也。然後統以無待之人,遺彼忘我,冥此群異,異方同得而我無功名。是故統小大者,無小無大者也;苟有乎大小,則雖大鵬之與斥鷃,宰官之與御風,同為累物耳。齊死生者,無死無生者也;苟有乎死生,則雖大椿之與蟪蛄,彭祖之與朝菌,均於短折耳。故遊於無小無大者,無窮者也;冥乎不死不生者,無極者也。若夫逍遙而繫於有方,則雖放之使遊而有所窮矣,未能無待也。

夫年知不相及若此之懸也,比於眾人之所悲,亦可悲矣。而眾人未嘗悲此者,以其性各有極也。苟知其極,則毫分不可相跂,天下又何所悲乎哉!夫物未嘗以大欲小,而必以小羨大,故舉小大之殊各有定分,非羨欲所及,則羨欲之累可以絕矣。夫悲生於累,累絕則悲去,悲去而性命不安者,未之有也。